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Process flow of sheet metal parts processing

1. Design and draw the part drawings of its sheet metal parts, with the purpose of expressing the structure of the sheet metal parts through drawings.

2. Draw the development drawing, which means unfolding a complex structural part into a flat piece.

3. Material cutting
There are many ways to cut materials, and the main ones are as follows:

a. Cutting and blanking with a shearing machine
Use a shearing machine to cut out the length and width dimensions of the unfolded drawing. If there are punching and chamfering requirements, then transfer to a punching machine and use molds for punching and chamfering to shape the parts.

b. Punching machine cutting
Using a punch press, the flat-plate structure of the expanded parts can be stamped and formed on the sheet metal in one or multiple steps. Its advantages include short working hours, high efficiency, and reduced processing costs, making it frequently used in mass production.

c. NC numerical control cutting
When performing NC cutting, the first step is to write a numerical control machining program. This involves using programming software to convert the drawn unfolding diagram into a program that can be recognized by the NC numerical control machine tool. Based on these programs, the machine tool will punch out the structural shape of the flat plate part step by step on a steel plate.
d. Laser cutting
Using laser cutting, the structural shape of the flat piece is cut out on a steel plate.

4. Flare tapping
Flanging, also known as hole expanding, involves expanding a smaller base hole into a slightly larger one, followed by tapping on the expanded hole. This process enhances its strength and prevents thread slipping. It is commonly used in sheet metal processing for thinner plates. When dealing with thicker plates, such as those with thicknesses of 2.0, 2.5, or more.

5. Punch processing
General punching processes include punching and chamfering, punching and blanking, punching and embossing, punching and tearing, and hole punching, among others, to achieve the desired processing objectives. These processes require corresponding molds to complete the operations. For punching and embossing, there are embossing molds, and for punching and tearing, there are tear forming molds, etc.

6. Riveting
Commonly used in riveting are rivet studs, rivet nuts, and rivet screws. The riveting process is typically carried out using a punch or hydraulic riveting machine to rivet them onto sheet metal parts.

7. Bending
Bending refers to the process of transforming a 2D flat piece into a 3D part. This process requires a bending machine and corresponding bending molds to complete the operation. It follows a specific bending sequence, with the principle being to bend first what does not interfere with the next cut, and then bend what does.

8. Welding
Welding involves assembling and welding multiple parts together to achieve processing objectives, or welding the edges of individual parts to increase their strength. Common welding methods include CO2 gas shielded welding, argon arc welding, spot welding, robotic welding, etc. The selection of these welding methods depends on actual requirements and material properties.

9. Surface treatment
Surface treatments generally include phosphating coating, electroplated multicolor zinc, chromate, baking paint, oxidation, etc. Phosphating coating is generally used for cold-rolled steel sheets and electrolytic sheets. Its main function is to coat a protective film on the surface of the material to prevent oxidation; furthermore, it can enhance the adhesion of the baking paint.

10. Assembly
The so-called assembly refers to the process of combining multiple parts or components in a certain manner to form a complete product. During this process, it is crucial to protect the components from scratches and damage. Assembly is the final step in the completion of a product. If the components are damaged due to scratches, they cannot be used and require rework, which can lead to a significant waste of processing time and an increase in product costs. Therefore, special attention must be paid to the protection of components.

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